Penalize cross-loadings | Two-factor CFA model | Two-factor EFA model (unidentified) | Two-factor EFA model with penalized cross-loadings | Penalize Cross-loadings and Unique Covariances | Two-factor EFA model with unique covariances | Two-factor EFA model with penalized cross-loadings and unique covariances | Penalize Cross-Loadings, Unique Covariances, and Difference in Loadings and Intercepts Across Time

Prepare Ordinal Data | Multiple-Group CFA Model | Strict and partial invariance models | Penalized Multiple-Group Model | Evaluate Invariance

The syntax | Example | Related | Keeping at least two invariant items | Ordered items | Not the per-group-value idiom | References

Compared to Results from Mplus (version 9.0)

Why multistart? | Single-start baseline | Multistart with random jittering | Comparing local solutions | Using custom starting values | Reproducibility | Parallel execution

Penalize cross-loadings | Two-factor CFA model | Penalize non-invariance

Data | Parametric Bootstrap | Confidence interval | Residual Bootstraps | Random Effect Block Bootstrap | Case Bootstrap | Summary

Data | Bootstrap-$t$ CI | On a Transformed Scale

Effect Size for Noninvariance | Confidence Intervals with Resampling | Monte Carlo Methods | Nonparametric Bootstrap

Workflow | Example | Effect Size | Cross-Loadings | Score Test | Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) | Controlling for False Discovery Rate

Load Data | Descriptive Statistics | Specification search | Configural invariance | Effect Size